Vasectomy is a highly effective, permanent form of male contraception. During a no-scalpel vasectomy, a very small opening (1, or sometimes 2) is made in the scrotal skin and each vas deferens—the tubes that transport sperm from the testicles—is isolated, divided, and sealed. The procedure is performed under sedation in an ambulatory surgery center or in the office using local anesthesia and generally takes approximately 15–20 minutes.

Vasectomy is more than 99.996% effective when confirmed by post-vasectomy semen analysis (obtained at 3 months). It does not affect testosterone production, erections, orgasm, or the amount of ejaculate. Most men experience mild discomfort, bruising, or swelling for several days and can return to light activities within a few days. Strenuous exercise and heavy lifting are generally avoided for approximately two weeks, with sexual activity/masturbation can typically be resumed after about one week.

Potential risks include bleeding or hematoma, infection, temporary or persistent scrotal discomfort, and very rarely chronic post-vasectomy pain. 

Vasectomy should be considered permanent, although vasectomy reversal is possible for men who later desire fertility.