Orchiectomy is surgical removal of a testicle. It may be performed for conditions including testicular cancer, severe testicular injury, chronic pain in selected circumstances, or other testicular pathology.

The procedure is generally performed through a small groin incision for suspected testicular cancer and may be outpatient or involve a short hospital stay depending on the circumstances. Recovery typically takes several weeks.

Removal of one testicle generally does not significantly affect testosterone production or fertility when the remaining testicle is healthy. Risks include bleeding, infection, chronic discomfort, and changes in the appearance of the scrotum. A testicular prosthesis can be placed in selected patients.