Ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy is a minimally invasive treatment for kidney and ureteral stones. A small camera is passed through the urethra and bladder into the ureter or kidney. A laser is then used to fragment the stone into smaller pieces that can be removed or passed naturally. Stone clearance rates are significantly higher with ureteroscopy/laser lithotripsy relative to ESWL, however, the procedure is somewhat more invasive despite still avoiding any incision. 

The procedure avoids an external incision and can treat stones throughout the urinary tract. A temporary ureteral stent is often placed afterward to allow the ureter to heal and urine to drain. This is typically left in for about 7 days, and then is removed in the office via cystoscopy. 

Most patients return home the same day. Stent-related urinary frequency, urgency, flank discomfort, and blood in the urine are common until the stent is removed. Risks include infection, bleeding, ureteral injury or scarring, residual stone fragments, and the need for additional procedures.